1. C. J. Gorter, Physical. 17, 777 (1951).
2. D. Averin and K. Likharev “Mesoscopic phenomena in solids”, 1st ed. B.L. Altshuler, P.A. Lee, W. Richard Webb, 1991, Vol .30, North-Holland, Amesterdam, 173.
3. T. A. Fulton and G. J. Dolan, Phys. Rev. Lett. , 59, 109 (1987).
4. L. Zhung, L. Guo and S. Y.Chou, Appl. Phys. Lett., 72, 1205 (1998).
5. AK. Geim and KS .Novoselov, Nature Mater, 6, 183, (2007).
6. T. Ihn, J Güttinger, F.Molitor, S.Schnez, E.Schurtenberger, A.Jacobsen, S.Hellmuller, T.Fery, S. Droscher, C. Stampfer and K. Ensslin , Mater. Today, 13, 3, (2010).
7. H.Park, J.Park, A.K.L.Lim, E.H.Anderson, A.P.Alivisatos and P.L.McEuen, Nat. 407, 57 (2000).
8. A. Hirsch, Nature Mater. 9, 868 (2010).
9. VV .Shorokhov,DE. Presnov, SV. Amitonov, YA .Pashkin and V.A. Krupenin, Nanoscale, 9, 613, (2017).
10. F. Wang, J. Fang ,Sh. Chang, Sh. Qin, X. Zhang and H. Xu,Physic Lett A ,381, 476 (2017).
11. W.A.Schoonveld, J.Wildeman, D.Fichou, P.A.Bobbert, B.J.van Wees and T.Klapwijk, Nat, 404, 977 (2000).
12. J.Park, A.N.Pasupathy, J.I.Goldsmith, C.Chang,Y. Yaish, J.R Petta, M.Rinkoski, J.P.Sethna, H.D. Abruña, P.L.McEuen and D.C.Ralph, Nat, 417, 722 (2002).
13. M.Ejrnaes, M.T.Savolainen b, M.J.Manscher and A.Mygind, Physica C, 372, 1353 (2002).
14. H. Zheng, M. Asbahi, S. Mukherjee, C. J Mathai, K. Gangopadhyay, J. K W Yang and Sh.Gangopadhyay, Nanotech. 26, 35 (2015).
15. F. Willy, Y. Darma, J. Phys.: Conference Series, 739 (2016).
16. J. Weis, “CFN Lectures on Functional Nanostructures” 1st ed. K.Busch, A.K.Powell, , C.Röthig, G.Schön and J. Weissmüller, 2005,Vol. 1,chap. 6, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 87.
17. L.Sheela, N.B.Balamurugan, S.Sudha and J.Jasmine, JEET, 9, 1670 (2014).
18. E. Schrödinger,Physic Rev., 28, 1049 (1926).
19. R. Landauer Philos. Mag., 21, 863 (1970).
20. S. Datta, “Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Systems”, 1st ed. H. Ahmed, 1995, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
21. A.Z.Khan Durrani, “Single-electron Devices and Circuits in Silicon”, 1st ed. 2010, Chap. 3, Imperial College Press, London UK, 127.